Goal Setting

My MS Toolkit gives you strategies for changing your routines, health habits, and lifestyle to help you feel better. Learning how to set effective goals is an important skill that may help you make these changes successfully and, in turn, improve your health.  The steps in this module will help you set and achieve goals such as:

• Regularly practicing relaxation techniques
• Starting or maintaining an exercise program
• Maintaining good sleep habits
• Pacing yourself to prevent over- or under-doing it

You may want to visit Relaxation, Being Active, Sleep, or Managing Energy steps for more information about these goals.

• How Does Setting Goals Help you Manage your MS?
  Goal setting has many benefits to managing MS and its symptoms.
  
  Setting realistic, personalized goals:
  • Provides direction and structure to our lives
  • Helps us better manage our time and keep us from wasting time on unimportant or energy-sapping activities
  • Increases our sense of accomplishment and control over our lives
  • Increases our sense of purpose and meaning
  • Serves as a source of motivation as we pursue larger important life goals.
  • Provides us opportunities to have successes, both in meeting larger goals as well as smaller sub-goals along the way.
  • Helps us cope with stress or problems (due to the above benefits).
  • Improves confidence and self-esteem via accomplishments, successes, and structure.
  • Serves as a pathway out of the vicious cycle of suffering that can come from pain, pain, stress, and/or depression.

• Setting Realistic Goals
  You might be wondering why goal setting is part of My MS Toolkit. Most of us have set goals for ourselves at some point or another in our lives. Some goals we set because we want to achieve them. However, we can also set goals because others expect things of us or because we think we should be doing something a certain way due to societal norms or internal pressures. 
   
  We can also set goals that are too ambitious for our current situation. For example, a goal of exercising 30 minutes a day may not realistic if you are not exercising at all right now. A more realistic goal may be to start by walking 5 minutes and day and slowly increase that time, using a plan like the ones described in Being Active module.
   
  Goals can be motivating, but if set up the wrong way or for the wrong reasons, unrealistic goals can be discouraging or not met.

• Goal Setting – Picking goals
  Think about a goal you might want to achieve. Goals can be anything that you find meaningful, enjoyable, rewarding, or aligned with your values, priorities, or needs.
  
  • Goals can be either “long-term goals” or “short-term goals.” Long-term goals tend to be the goals you hope to attain over long stretches of time, or even over your lifetime. For example, owning your own home or earning a college degree. Short-term goals are the smaller, more immediate goals that often lead to accomplishing a long-term goal. For instance, exercising 3 times per week. We recommend first starting with a short-term goal, which can lead to longer term goals.
  • Goals can be “skills-based” where you work on something that you’d like to get better at, or they can be “good-for-you goals” that bring you joy, confidence, comfort, or otherwise boost your mood.
  • We also know that individuals who are experiencing pain, fatigue, stress, or poor mood tend to be less active, which can then cause additional problems. Therefore, it may also be useful to set goals that help to increase activity.
  • You will learn how to set two different types of goals in My MS Toolkit: “Good for you Goals” and “Skills Goals”.

• Types of Goals
  “Good for You Goals” are:
  • Goals to participate in activities that are meaningful to you, enjoyable or fun, and/or in line with your priority of reducing pain, fatigue, or depressed mood
  • These could also include goals in which you achieve something and thus feel a sense of accomplishment.
  • What are some “Good for You Goals” that you would like to pursue? Write at least one “Good for You Goal” on Step 1 of the Goal-Setting Steps Worksheet.
  
  “Skills Goals” are:
  • Goals that give you opportunities to practice the specific self-management skills in My MS Toolkit. These goals relate to using skills to better manage your mood and/or pain and may include:
  o Being Active
  o Managing thoughts
  o Energy Management
  o Relaxation Techniques
  o Positive Self-Talk

Goal-setting Steps (refer to Goal Setting worksheet)

• In order to begin working on goals, we need to make sure to set the stage for your goals to be accomplishable.
• Accomplishable goals are SMART! Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, & Trackable
• By specific, we mean very clearly defined (e.g. “eating healthier” is too vague/broad, “incorporating more vegetables into my meals” is more specific, “having a salad with dinner” is even more specific”).
• Measurable means there is a clear way to know if the goal has been accomplished. “Walking more” is too open-ended, walking 3 times per week for 15 minutes at a time is very easy to measure.
• Attainable goals are goals that are reasonable. This might mean that you need to think how to set smaller goals and work in steps toward your larger goal. 
• Realistic is often the tricky piece of the puzzle. Often when people begin goal setting, they have a lot of energy and drive to get a lot accomplished right away. Unfortunately, this can result in setting overambitious goals that are not realistic. Setting too high of a goal too early can set people up to not accomplish that goal, and leave us feeling less motivated to set goals.
• Look for ways to Track your progress, such as using an exercise log or the Setting Goals Worksheet.
• Long-term goals often involve many smaller short-term goals to reach them. If you choose a goal that might not be realistic, it can be useful to consider whether that goal can be broken down into steps to make it more manageable. For example, someone may want to create a flower garden. If his/her goal for the week includes building raised beds, hauling soil, buying and planting lots of new flowers it might not be realistic. However, gathering the materials to build the beds this week might be a piece of the project that could be accomplished as a first step toward the bigger goal. 
• Checking your confidence level is a good way to verify if the goal is realistic for you at the time you are setting the goal.
• At the bottom of the goals setting page you will see a confidence scale. Research has shown that when people are more confident about their ability to achieve a goal, they are more likely to succeed.
• It is useful to keep this in mind when creating goals. For each goal you create ask yourself, “On a scale of zero to ten, how confident am I that I can reach this goal?” (With zero being not confident at all and ten being totally confident). A rating of 0 to 6 means that the goal is too hard and needs to be broken into smaller pieces. A rating of 7 to 10 means it’s a good fit.
• When we create goals we want to make sure that they are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, & trackable, but also created so that you are confident that you can achieve them.
• The Goals Setting worksheet shows how some example goals shape up when held to the standard of SMART goal setting.

Goal Setting (see Goal Setting Worksheet)

• Of the goals you’ve generated, let’s pick one short-term goal to practice working on. Think about:
• How important is it to you to work on this goal? What are the positives from working on this goal?
• Applying SMART/Confidence Levels to your goal
• Let’s see if your goal is a SMART goal. If not, how can you modify that to fit those categories?
• On a scale of 0 to 10, with zero being not confident at all and ten being totally confident, how confident are you that you can reach this goal? Why did you rate your confidence the way that you did?
• How will you know if you’ve achieved that goal? What will you have done? How will you feel?
• Pull out your Weekly Personal Self-Management Plan; let’s add all the information about your goal to the personal self-management plan:
• Specific Activity: Note specific details here: On a scale from 0 –10, where 10 = extremely worthwhile and 0 = not at all worthwhile, how worthwhile does this goal sound to you?
• Measurement: How often will you work on this goal? If a onetime activity, when will you do it? How will you know it’s done? If someone was observing you during the week, would they be able to tell you had met your goal because of what they had seen you do?
• Realistic/Confidence: Check how realistic it is by assessing your confidence on a scale of 0-10.

Like the other MS Toolkit tools, goal-setting takes practice, experimentation, patience, and persistence. To start, focus on one area that is important to you. As you get used to setting self-management goals, you may be able to take on new goals. The Setting Goals Work Sheet may help you plan and track your goals. It will also help you practice goal-setting skills.

A Note for Family and Friends

Everyone, not just people with MS, can benefit from learning how to set realistic goals.  As a person who helps someone with MS, you can use this information about goals to help the person make important lifestyle changes.  You can help him or her:

• Identify problems
• Make a goal-setting plan
• Deal with obstacles along the way

You can also use this information to set your own goals.  The same goal-setting process may make a big difference in your life too!